Assement of Different Organizational Behaviors

Assement of Different Organizational Behaviors Free Online Research Papers Academicians and practitioners alike agree that change management skills, communication, decision making skills, motivation and human resource practices are the most important topic of all within the realm of organizational behavior. It is probably the most significant characteristic people need to have to be effective in the job. Change management skills, communication, decision making, motivation and human resources practices could be the major strategic concern in the 21st century, as professed by management experts. In fact, Hicks (1998) pointed out that, an administrator’s qualifications, change management skills, decision making, motivation and human resource practices are vital success of the organizational system. Today, managers on Southwest Airlines are contemplating the appropriate activities designed to improve the quality of life among academic personnel and career advancement. Furthermore, there is considerable evidence that have actually showed a significant contribution to quality of organization and professional enhancement. The possibilities in attaining these are through sessions held, attending conferences and conventions, participation club organizations and professional associations. Middlewood (1996) believed that academic staff development programs are one of the key areas to consider in the organization network for the development and productivity. In the United States of America, change management skills, communication, decision making, motivation and human resource practices are dynamic profession which does not remain fixed but constantly changing, shifting and growing to cope with the fast changing demands of business institutions. Giving this bleak scenario, organizational behavior according to Kanthak (1996) continues to provide quality business organization. In aiming quality, responsiveness and excellence, the business organization inspires to improve the internal efficiency and effectiveness of the management skills and one of these is the development program such as change management skills, motivation, decision making, human resource practices which inherently determines the success or failure of the organization. Indeed, accomplishing such significant development is a very difficult venture and it is only when the pressure for change and development are great that it is likely to happen. Southwest Airlines business organization in particular should consider the forces of changing management and development of decision making, motivation and human resource practices in relation to the complex needs of the organization, (Pre, 2005). In fact, management experts emphasized that organizational behavior in this century faces the paradox of being more critical than ever to society’s future while at the same time being under great pressure to prove its worth in educating professionals in higher learning to respond to the changing environment. The focus of the research paper is on the organizational behavior – along the dimensions of change management, communication, decision making, motivation and human resource practices. It is hoped that this research paper will serve as a guide for mangers in transforming organization into relevant and responsive institutions that prepare individuals who will be effective leaders and better citizens participating in the development of the changing society. This section includes principles theories, foreign and local literature of authorities that have bearing to the study. Likewise, other similar researches are also included to give sufficient background and information necessary for the realization of this research paper. According to Nickols (2004), managing the kinds of changes encountered by and instituted within organizations requires an unusually broad and finely honed set of skills, chief among which are the following: political skills, analytical skills, people skills, system skills and business skills. In European countries, the administrators/ managers, as a value model, should possess a constellation of desirable values in working with his subordinate. The people around him are keen observers of the way he loves his work and can easily be influenced by this behavior. His manifested values make profound effect on the environment of the organizational system. Values are an important part of business administration; without values, change management skills, decision making, motivation and human resource practices is impossible ( Newell ,1997). According to Livingstone (1996) on the organizational perspective, it is not enough to simply increase the knowledge and skills of faculty and improve their academic behaviors, but their organizational efforts and management skills must result in performance improvement that will enhance competitiveness and efficiency of the organization. Authorities in organizational behavior claim that experiences have considerable influence on the change management skills and motivational competence of an executive. According to Brockner (1998), an experienced leader is original, open to a wide variety of stimuli, has broad interests and is willing to take risks as opposed to being narrow minded and cautious. He is able to come up with new ides and may find risk taking and frequent change less stressful to the inexperienced leader. Some of these change management experts claim to help clients manage the changes they face – the changes happening to them. Others claim to help clients make changes. Still others offer to help by taking on the task of managing changes that must be made. In almost all cases, the process of change is treated separately from the specifics of the situation. It is expertise in this task of managing the general process of change that is laid claim to by professional change agents ( Pre ,2002). According to Nickols (2004), managing change refers to the making of changes in a planned and managed or systematic fashion. The aim is to more effectively implement new methods and systems in an ongoing organization. The changes to be managed lie within and are controlled by the organization. Perhaps the most familiar instance of this king of change is the change or version control aspect of information system development projects. However, these internal changes might have been triggered by events originating outside the organization, in what is usually termed â€Å"the environment†. Hence, managing change, namely, the response to changes over which the organization exercise little or no control (e. g. legislation, social and political upheaval, the actions of competitors, shifting economic tides and currents, and so on). On the other hand, Kram (1995) specified that stemming from the view of change management, human resource practices and motivation as an area of professional practice there arises yet a third definition of organizational behavior. This consists chiefly off the models, methods and techniques, tools, skills, and other forms of knowledge that go into making up any practice. According to him, organizations are first and foremost social systems. Without people there can be no organization. Organizations are hotly and intensely political. Change agents dare not join in this game but they had better understand it. This is one area where you must make our own judgments and keep our own counsel; no one can do it for us. From the same author, he pointed out that two particular sets of skills are very important here: (1) workflow operations or systems analysis, and (2) financial analysis. Change agents must learn to take a part and reassemble operations and systems in novel ways, and then determine the financial and political impacts of what they have done. Conversely, they must be able to start with some financial measure or indicator or goal, and make their way quickly to those operations and systems that, if reconfigures a certain way, would have learned a trade that will be in demand for the foreseeable future. As stated by Nickols (2004), people are the sine qua non of organization. Moreover, they come characterized by all manner of sizes, shapes, colors, intelligence and ability levels, gender, sexual preferences, national origins, first and second languages, religious beliefs, attitudes toward life and work, personalities, and priorities – and these are just a few of the dimensions along which people vary. We have to deal with them all. The skills most needed in this area are those that typically fall under the heading of the communication or interpersonal skills. To be effective, we must be able to listen and listen actively, to restate, to reflect, to clarify without interrogating, to draw out the speaker, to lead or channel a discussion, to plant ideas, and to develop them. More important, we have to learn to see things through the eyes of these other inhabitants of the organizational world. A situation viewed from a marketing frame of reference is an entirely different situation when see through the eyes of a systems person. Part of the job of a change agent is to reconcile and resolve the conflict between and among desperate (and sometimes desperate) points of view. Charm is great if you have it. Courtesy is better. A well-paid compliment can buy gratitude. A sincere â€Å"Thank you† can earn respect, (Certo, 1985). Stoner and Wankel (1987) as cited by Nickols (2004) pointed out that people employed in today’s world of work do need to learn about computer-based information systems. For now, let’s just say that a system is an arrangement of resources and routines intended to produce specified results. To organize is to arrange. A system reflects organization and by the same token, an organization is a system. A word processing operator and the word processing equipment operated form a system. So do computers and the larger, information processing systems in which computers are so embedded. These are generally known as â€Å"hard† systems. There are â€Å"soft† systems as well: compensation systems, appraisal systems, promotion systems, and reward and incentive systems (Barbon , 2000). There are two sets of systems skills to be mastered. Many people associate the first set with computers and it is exemplified by â€Å"system’s analysis†. This set of skills, by the way, actually predates the digital computer and is known elsewhere (particularly in the United States Air Force and the aerospace industry) as â€Å"systems engineering†. For the most part, the kind of system with which this skill set concerns itself is a â€Å"closed† system which, for now, we can say is simply a mechanistic or contrived system with no purpose of its own and incapable of altering its own structure. In other words, it cannot learn and it cannot change of its own volition. The second set of system skills associated with a body of knowledge generally referred to as General Systems Theory (GST) and it deals with people, organizations, industries, economies, and even nations as socio-technical systems – as â€Å"open†, purposive systems, carrying out transactions with other systems and bent on survival, continuance, prosperity, dominance, plus a host of other goals and objectives, (Gempes, 2005). Business primarily aims to satisfy the consumer’s basic and secondary needs. It can be achieved through the use of effective business marketing practices and strategies. Hence, business skills include the managing the work unit’s resources effectively, linking employment agencies to market the graduates and generating income through Income Generating Programs (George, 1999). According to Foulkies (1986), a very useful framework for thinking about the change process is decision making and problem solving. Managing organizational behavior is seen as a matter of moving from one state to another, specifically, from the problem state to the solved state. Diagnosis or problem analysis is generally acknowledged as essential. Goals are set and achieved at various levels and in various areas of functions. Ends and means are discussed and related to one another. Careful planning is accompanied by efforts to obtain buy-in, support and commitment. The net effect is a transition from one state to another in a planned, orderly fashion. This is the planned change model. Conclusions Based on the assumption, people who enjoy working have the innate desire capacities for creativity and have the potential to work toward organizational objectives with minimum direction. This human resource model encourages an increased participation in decision making, change management, motivation and communication. The term achievement motivation theory on Southwest Airlines is to describe a person’s drive to overcome challenges, to advance and to grow. People who are high in need achievement are highly motivated to strive for the satisfaction that is derived from accomplishing or achieving some challenging tasks or goals. An organization based on concepts and democracy and independence develops a traditional structure of innate capacities in motivation, communication, decision-making that encourages work to learn better without close supervision. Furthermore, management experts particularly of Southwest Airlines described motivation, change management, communication, decision making and human resource practices as models of participatory management asserted that the key element in the human relations approach is the objectives of making organizational members feel useful and important. References Barbon , R .M. (2000) Faculty development of state universities and colleges in region XI : Its relations towards faculty job performance. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Gregorio Araneta University Foundation, Malabon, Metro Manila Philippines. Certo (1985). Management of Organizations and Human Resources. Jowa, WMC.: Brown Publishers. Foulkies, U.T. (1986). Personal Administration and Resource Function. Illinois: Longmanns – Greene, Inc. George, J.J, 2nd edition (1999). Organization Behavior. NJ: Pearson Educ. Inc. Gempes, G.P. et. al. (2005). A model of Institutional Leadership in the Context of Change. University of Mindanao, Davao City Philippines: Unpublished Institutional Research. Gioia, E.E., Anderson, A.L. (2001). Political Skills. Retrieved October 29,2005,fromgoogle.co.in/search?q=political+skills+hl=enlr=sa=N Gorospe, V.R. (1998). Planning and Management in Universities.Manila: National Bookstore, Inc. Hicks, H.H. (1998). Educational Supervision in Principle and Practice. New York, USA: The Macmillan Co. Kanthak, L. M. (1996). What makes high achieving middle school. The Education Digest, 61,32-33. Kram, K.E. (1995). Monitoring at Work: Development Relationship in Organizational Life. Scott-Forseman Inc. Livingstone, H.C. (1996). The University: An Organizational Analysis. Glassgrow: Jossey-Bass Co. Newell, C.A. (1997). Human Behavior in Educational Administration. Englewood Cliffer, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Inc. Nickol, F.L. (2004) Change management 101: a premier. Distance consulting, retrieved January 16, 2006, from http:// www. Home. att. Net/ nickels/change.htm Pre, V.P.(2005).Organizational climate of graduate education in region XI: Its relation to institutional change. Ateneo de Davao University, Davao City Philippines: Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation. 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Blood Pressure Responses to Exercise’ The WritePass Journal

Blood Pressure Responses to Exercise’ Introduction: Blood Pressure Responses to Exercise’ Introduction:  Methods:  Number of participants:Instruments used for the experiment:Measurement during rest:Measurement during Dynamic Exercise:Results:  Observations:Discussion:Conclusions:ReferencesRelated Introduction: Blood pressure is a measure of the force exerted by blood flow against the walls of the arteries as it transverses the body (Bakke et al., 2006). Systolic blood pressure refers to the pressure in the arteries during the contraction of the heart and diastolic blood pressure is where the pressure is exrted on the blood vessels during heart relaxation (Michelsen and Otterstad, 1990)Various researchers have conducted studies on the differences in blood pressure responses to isometric exercise compared to dynamic exercise. For instance, Kingwell and Jennings (1993) undertook the study to determine the blood pressure at rest and during maximum dynamic exercise and compared the results to blood pressure at isometric exercise and have established that there is a direct relation between blood pressure, isometric and dynamic exercises and the body surface area of an individual. However, a common conclusion in most of these studies established that the percentage change in blood pressure to eac h stress was inversely relational to the resting blood pressure. The differences in blood pressure response in this context indicate that the proportional change in the blood pressure in relation to each stress declines as the resting blood pressure increased. This study shall aim at discussing the blood pressure responses to exercise and the mechanisms of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems to the blood pressure variations.   Methods:   Number of participants: To estimate the difference in blood pressure due to exercise, the experimentation involved 18 individuals within the age group of 19-40 years. 14 of them were male and 4, female. The experiment was performed in the conditions of rest and exercise (dynamic and isometric) and the observations were tabulated for further analysis. Instruments used for the experiment: Automated sphygmomanometer (Omron M7) Handgrip dynamometer (MIE) Cycle ergometer (Monark 874e) Measurement during rest: The participant was seated comfortably and the left arm is placed at the heart level. Measurement during Dynamic Exercise: The participants were seated on cycle ergometer and their systolic and diastolic blood pressures are noted at rest using a manual sphygmomanometer. The participant was then instructed to cycle on the ergometer for 3 minutes and the systolic and diastolic measurements are taken again using manual sphygmomanometer. The participant was then instructed to cycle for further three minutes and the readings are taken again. After the completion of test cycle, the procedure was repeated again to verify the readings using auto- sphygmomanometer. Measurement during Isometric Exercise: Using a hand grip Dynamometer, the Maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) was performed and measured on the participants after the resting measurement is noted.   The participants were made to perform 50 percent MVC until they were able to and the duration was measured. The blood pressure was measured immediately after that using manual sphygmomanometer and the observations were noted. The tests were repeated in duplicate to verify using an automatic sphygmomanometer and the readings were tabulated. Results: The results observed indicate that there is considerable increase in the systolic blood pressure after dynamic exercise whereas diastolic blood pressure recorded a notable increase. The mean arterial pressure also had a considerable rise following dynamic exercise. On the contrary, isometric exercise yielded different observations. The systolic blood pressure showed a little increase following isometric exercise and the diastolic blood pressure was observed to decrease. The mean arterial blood pressure had no deviation after the test and remained same. From the study, the results on the blood pressure responses varied depending on the different dynamics of the body. The surface area of the body was an instrumental determinant in the blood pressure levels both at rest and during exercise. The blood pressure levels were found to vary in relation to the body surface area in terms of weight and size. From the results, participants with a higher weight exhibited lower systolic and diastol ic levels at rest. At rest, the participant with the highest weight of 122kg and 1.85m tall had 69 and 57 BP level at systolic and diastolic levels respectively. This could be compared to the participant with 48kg and 1.45m tall who had 97 and 71 systolic and diastolic BP levels at rest respectively. However, the results were different during exercise. The heavier participants exhibited higher levels of systolic and diastolic BP levels compared to the lighter participants. The heaviest participant had 156 and 86 systolic and diastolic BP levels respectively while the lightest participant had 109 and 81 systolic and diastolic BP levels respectively at exercise.   Observations: Table 1:   Blood Pressure Responses to Dynamic Exercise Category During Rest After Exercise Units Mean Systolic 126.6111111 145.4444444 (mmHg) Mean Diastolic 81.55555556 82.44444444 (mmHg) Standard Deviation Systolic 22.03777209 19.12873484 (mmHg) Standard Deviation Diastolic 12.86683938 8.542091094 (mmHg) MAP Mean 96.5740741 103.4444 (mmHg) MAP Standard Deviation 15.0227738 10.42746 (mmHg) Table2:   Blood Pressure Responses to Isometric Exercise Category During Rest After Exercise Units Mean Systolic 124.5 129.2777778 (mmHg) Mean Diastolic 82.94444444 80.11111111 (mmHg) Standard Deviation Systolic 12.33479059 12.54078314 (mmHg) Standard Deviation Diastolic 21.52009245 11.96017356 (mmHg) MAP Mean 96.7962963 96.5 (mmHg) MAP Standard Deviation 16.4488269 9.128888 (mmHg) Table3:   Blood Statistical analysis to determine difference between means using t-test DESCRIPTION P-Value (T-test score) Systolic BP (mm Hg) During rest and exercise  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   After dynamic test 0.003281 Diastolic BP (mmHg) During rest and exercise After dynamic test 0.372261 MAP (mmHg) during rest and Exercise after dynamic test 0.033335 Systolic BP (mm Hg) During rest and exercise After isometric   test 0.08211226 Diastolic BP (mmHg) During rest and exercise After dynamic test 0.283682569 MAP (mmHg) during rest and Exercise after dynamic test 0.471696424 Discussion: From the results, it is clear that isometric exercise produces a characteristic increase in blood pressure. This has a relation to the surface area of the body as well as the height of the individual. There is a greater increase in arterial blood pressure during static exercise compared to rest. Studies have also established that the results vary with age (Bakke et al., 2006). The results indicated that age produces a contraction of the vascular walls, which become less elastic. This is evident in the results as younger participants exhibited higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure at rest. However, the results were different during the diastolic phase at exercise because of the elasticity differences in the vascular walls. Other studies (Boutcher and Stocker, 1999; Carre, 2002) have found similar variations in blood pressure during rest and exercise. Age and body surface area have been found to contribute greatly to the results because of the variations in the size of vascular walls (Kingwell and Jennings, 1993). Conclusions: There is a marked increase in blood pressure during isometric activity compared to dynamic activity. Studies have recognized that there is a relation flanked by blood pressure, isometric and dynamic exercises and the body surface area of an individual (Michelsen and Otterstad, 1990; Bakke et al., 2006) References Aronow W. S. 2001, Exercise therapy for older persons with cardiovascular disease. Am J   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Geriatr Cardiol, 10: 245–249. Bakke EF, Hisdal J, Jorgensen J. J, Kroese A, Stranden E. 2006, Blood pressure in patients with intermittent claudication increases continuously during walking. Eur J Vasc Endovasc    Surg; [Epub ahead of print]. Boutcher S. H, Stocker D. 1999, Cardiovascular responses to light isometric and aerobic exercise   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   in 21-    and 59-year-old males. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol (1999); 80: 220–226. Carre F. 2002, Cardiovascular benefits and hazard of physical practice. Ann Cardiol Angeiol   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (Paris); 51: 351–356. De Araujo W. B. Ergometria Cardiologia Desportiva Medsi. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Mà ©dica e Cientà ­fica Ltda.; 1986. Michelsen S, Otterstad J. E. 1990, Blood pressure response during maximal exercise in   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   apparently healthy men and women. J Intern Med, 227:157-63. Kingwell, B. A., and G. L. Jennings. 1993, Effects of walking and other exercise programs upon blood pressure in normal subjects. Med. J. Aust. 158:234 –238.

European Empires motives for expansion and colonization in the New Essay

European Empires motives for expansion and colonization in the New World - Essay Example Developments in shipping and navigation technologies, which enabled sailors to move across the wider seas with increased success, together with developments in mathematics, writing, space science and printing, which facilitated advanced knowledge to be distributed, gave Europe the motive to expand across the world. Tensions on the land or territories from the intruding Ottoman Kingdom and the need to acquire new trade mean through the famous markets in Asia – the former routes under Venetian and Ottoman control- accelerated the European motives to explore. A number of sailors attempted moving around the southern parts of African and up beyond India, while other moved across the famous Atlantic Ocean. 1a. Motives for European empires exploration and colonization Advanced technology European gained from trade contact with China, which had created gunpowder, as well as magnetic compass. In addition, from Arabia, European nations acquired the skills of inventing advanced sails. Th ey also invented mobile rudder, which enabled them to steer bigger ships without difficulty. These technological advancements in navigation enabled Europeans to navigate in many areas. European travelers started to utilize the angle of the sun to position their location, enabling them to monitor distances, (Bartlett 34). The renaissance determination spirit accelerated exploration, and curiosity to locate all water means to the East. In addition, in Portugal, the navigator, Henry, funded the Portuguese sailors to explore the Atlantic coastal parts of Africa. He invented a modern lighter ship highly enabled for long distance exploration through the ocean, (Musiker and Reuben 45). This played a fundamental role in accelerating European expansion and maritime business with neighboring regions. Emergence of influential rulers in Europe Since 15th century, European countries aspired to expand their impact via exploration. Influential leaders had extended their control over unruly nations . These leaders created large armies and accumulated large riches through tax collection. Desire for trade and profits City states in Italy had once benefited from shipping products through the Mediterranean Sea, but roads in Asia was terminated by annexation of Constantinople by Turkey in 1453. In addition, the industrialist financial autonomy was developing and people viewed wealth in terms of money. They desired to use those resources to make wealth, (Mommsen 123). Religious enthusiasm Missionaries in European countries such as Portugal and Spain wanted to spread their Christian doctrines. Some missionaries travelled overseas to make more converts, for instance, transform heathens to Christians in their destination areas. Christian missionaries aspired to spread both the superior religion and superior culture in new territories. 1b. Different Colonial transplantations in Maryland, Virginia and Massachusetts Bay The enormous variations in transplantation approaches in Maryland, Vi rginia and Massachusetts, colonies had an immense effect on the initial development and prosperity of these regions. The heroes in these regions were London or Virginia Firms, Massachusetts firms and Lord Baltimore. Each hero experienced unique challenges, and the results are the key consequences of the decided course of action of colonial leadership, (Mommsen and Jaap 52). Virginia territory was ruled by James King 1. The company engaged on a strong colonization move with the aim of exploitation and faster resource return. Jamestown region was poorly chosen, and imperialists experienced diseases and hunger. Experts agree that

Brent Hayes Edwards's The Uses of Diaspora Essay

Brent Hayes Edwards's The Uses of Diaspora - Essay Example This research tells that Edwards has referred to W.E.B. Du Bois and Karl Marx to create a perspective for forming his treatise. Edwards summarizes the ways in which the concept of duality of Du Bois and idea of capitalism of Karl Marx can provide a useful model of African-American Studies that harmonizes African-centred cultural issues with the certain political and economic necessities confronting Blacks in different parts of the world. Moreover, similar to Du Bois, Edwards tries to engross the discipline in a critical historical foundation, whether it is political science, cultural, sociological, or literary-focused while taking into account the large-scale impacts of racial-capitalism. Edwards seized the opportunity to show the debated feature of the national focus in African-American Studies. He tried to substantiate that there remains a lot of diversity and disparity among scholars of African-American Studies who use the United States as their main focus. Edwards’s defini tion provides credibility to political and cultural relations between the Diaspora and Africa. For instance, understood on its own terms, the Haitian Revolution shows the different ways the Black people acted in response to their places in the world. The article by Edwards, in relation to this, claims that the failure of migrants to assimilate completely into the nation and culture of Haiti permanently marked how several Black people view themselves with respect to Haitians. The ideas of emigrants of being an ‘African’ were thwarted together with the movement, since in Haiti they not merely faced religious, environmental, and economic problems, but a strange racial atmosphere as well. A number of African Americans started to express, specifically, a multifaceted diasporan awareness which embraces both cultural diversities and racial commonalities between Black peoples in the United States. By the advent of the period of antebellum, African Americans certainly regarded t hemselves as part of an African Diaspora. Basically, the argument of Edwards opens an opportunity for the understanding of the connection between the Diaspora and Africa that is rooted in historical experiences, collective intellectual past, political relations, and cultural ties, without the one dominating the others. Furthermore, Edwards’s argument, which relies on ‘basic interrelationships’ and the notion of the ‘African world’, implies continuously developing interconnections between the Diaspora and Africa that transcend a stagnant customary Africa, or a focus on Africa that is entirely founded on the Black experience.

Case Study Topic about risk management of events or meeting Essay

Case Study Topic about risk management of events or meeting - Essay Example e specific study chosen focuses on the collapse of a stage on 13th August 2011 at the Indiana State Fair, as attendees waited for Sugarland, a prominent band, to perform. The tragic incident, caused by strong winds preceding a storm, led to four deaths and critical injury of about twenty four individuals. Following the accident, the event was cancelled, and subsequent entertainment fairs involving the performing band suffered the same fate. This shows that the accident set off a series of negative events. For instance, in addition to the deaths, injuries, and events cancellation, the affected attendees also filed expensive law suits against Indiana State Fair (CNN Wire Staff, 2011). Some of the factors that will be examined in the case analysis will include: How consistency in event scrutiny and review of meeting activities can pave way for problem detection and prevention or mitigation measures, especially since the incident under scrutiny could have been avoided through early

Spanish and Chinese Civil Wars

Spanish and Chinese Civil Wars Both China and Spain are salient examples of the turbulence that afflicted nations in the twentieth century who swooped from imperial to democratic regimes amidst a tide of protracted ideological struggles. Many of the causes of both civil wars stemmed from economically backward markets, pendulums of power and widespread social discontent, problems that were exacerbated by external influences and involvement. The collapse of Chinas Manchu dynasty and the abolition of Spains Monarchy lead to political vacuums filled by revolutionaries and reformers with little sense of a unified China or Spain. What ensued were two vicous civil wars. Despite these similarities, subtle differences in culture expound the very different outcomes of these civil wars The deep Nationalism displayed by the Chinese at the turn of the 20th Century that lead to the extensive xenophobia and formation of two conflicting revolutionary movements can be seen as a major cause in the Chinese Civil War. For centuries, the somewhat egocentric Chinese nature based in Confucian values created a precious, self-sufficient and culturally rich nation. However, this immemorial concept of superiority was brutally damaged following the Opium Wars with Britain in 1839 and 1842, questioning the unchallenged notion of Chinese supremacy. By 1890, Britains military foothold resulted in the diplomatic creation of over fifty foreign enclaves and the establishment of concession areas within major cities. Chinas ancient imperial political system was feeble in the face of Western governments and failed to generate valuable resistance, humiliating and degrading the Chinese people thus forming the foundations of the revolutionary movements that would lead China into Civil War. An early example of this can be seen in the anti-foreign devil movement of 1900, known as the Boxer Rebellion. Although proving unsuccessful, the rising revealed the incompetence of the imperial authorities and contributed to the Manchu governments failures to recognise the discontent amongst its people. In October 1911 the insurrection came to a head, and the Manchu dynasty abdicated, the last Emperor, Pu-Yi, was banished to the Forbidden City and a new Republic was formed. Similarly, in Spain, the push for democracy was at the centre of political instability and is consequently a cause of the Spanish Civil War. As a constitutional monarchy, Spain at the turn of the century was facing a catastrophic decline in national pride due to colonial losses in Central and South America and a dwindling economic situation. The brutal theory of Hispanidad proclaimed Spain the centre of World history and the Army saw its role move away from defending against external enemies and move towards redeeming Spain from the increasingly popular Bolsheviks, liberals and atheists that threatened the popular fascist values of Accion Espanola. This heightened political dissatisfaction resulted in the bloodless coup of 1923, in which King Alfonso XIII appointed Primo de Riviera the leader of the First Republic. Rivieras rule was for the most part unsuccessful and reliant on heavy borrowing; he ignored the dire need for social reforms in order to combat Spains unemployment issues. A similar situation ensued within China where the new republican leader Sun Yatsen struggled to hold power over the reactionary and corrupting General Yuan Shikai who, despite having promise stability to China, solved few basic economic or political problems. Although these long term causes alone were insufficient to cause civil war, it can be seen that in both Spain and China the overthrow of the Manchu dynasty and the abdication of King Alfonso XII created not solely ineffective and undemocratic republics but power vacuums amidst rampant, deep-rooted nationalism and pride. Economically and socially backward, Spain was an agric nation. Compared to neighbouring European countries, there had been little industrial development in Spain during the 19th Century. The semi-feudal land system that dominated the South created a divisive wealth gap between affluent Landowners and deprived landless peasants. In other Northern regions the few industrially developed areas like Asturias and Catalonia had successfully developed textile and coal factories. The exploitation in rural and industrial areas led to the growth of radical political persuasions. Anarchism and socialism prospered as demands for worker control of factories flourished. Furthermore, the Republics failures to adequately tackle the damage inflicted on Spain as a result of the 1929 Wall Street Crash created a reputation that democracy and economic hardship where synonymous. Hence the result of Spains extensive poverty was a loss of faith in the Republic and a turn by the masses towards radical politic s and extremist groups. Likewise, Chinas economic and social grievances were largely based in rural poverty. Despite its abundant natural resources; coal, oil and ore, ninety percent of the population were peasants. A lack of modern manufacturing resulted in a constant need for imports, high inflation and dwindling food supplies. The fragmented, de facto government that followed the death of Yuan Shikai in 1916, comprised of regional military leaders or warlords. It was these locally powerful individuals who exploited and terrorised the country, a step away from any sense of national cohesion. To exacerbate their unpopularity the Bejiing government and warlords frequently negotiated with foreign powers over land and exports. It could be argued that the 4th May movement in 1919 as much a reaction against foreign exploitation an the unfavourable Versailles agreements as a reaction against the powerful and betraying warlords. This disunity and poverty intensified the resentment of Chinese nationalists, providi ng further direction and focus to revolutionary movements like the GMD and CCP, who were primarily inspired by a hatred of warlordism. It was the affronts to national pride committed by warlords and foreign devils that presented the Chinese people with a collective sense of injustice. So, it can be noted that in both China and Spain the economic turbulence was a key factor in the formation of reactionary political groups. Slow industrialisation in both countries created inequality and a lack of trust in their respective political systems. Author and historian Jung Chang recounts her fathers reasons for joining the communist party in Wild Swans as a result of, widespread fighting amongst warlords, who all levied heavy taxes combined with the effects of the Great depression and Maos policy of Chinese must not fight Chinese appealed to his sense of nationalism as well as offering equality and change. In China, political instability largely sprouted from 19th Century disaffection with the imperial rule. Challenges to this authoritarian ruling can be noted in the Boxer Rebellion and then in the 1911 revolution. However, such an ancient and customary hierarchy was an intrinsic Chinese value, devotion and reverence towards authority dominated culture. This strict social discipline and veneration of conformity might suggest that the Chinese never really sought democracy, the totalitarian regimes that followed their revolution illustrate the continuation of hereditary traditions. This forced and manufactured form of revolution then underpinned the succession of weak governments that lead China into civil war. The rules of Yuan Shikai and Sun Yatsen, never adequately filled the power vacuum left following the removal of Emperor Pu-Yi. Their weak ideologies and failed reforms lead to the violent and destructive warlord era that lasted from 1916 until 1927. It was the brutality of this regime that fuelled future leaders like Mao into the belief that, Political power grows out of the barrel of a gun. For this reason, the warlord era advanced the Chinese Revolution through the disunity and fragmentation it created but also through the vicious extremist ideologies it ignited. Despite the formation of the United Front between the GMD and CCP in order to combat the warlords retarding the approach of civil war, this alliance broke down by 1927 when the GMD purged the CCP. Chiang Kai-sheks White Terror in 1927 demonstrated the temporary nature of the United Front and stresses the deep resentment between opposing ideologies. Furthermore, Chiangs resistance to defend Manchuria against Japan and vario us foreign encroachments instead focusing on the annihilation of the Communists disillusioned many, Jung Changs father included, she writes, the communist slogan Chinese must not fight Chineseà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ and the Communist stance about fighting the Japanese and about creating a just society fired [my fathers] imagination and he joined the party in 1938. Consequently, Chiang was deeply unpopular, increased political polarisation ensued, feuds and purges accelerated the existing factors that stemmed from imperialism. Spain too endured unstable political leadership as well as deep internal divisions, however, without the Chinese threat of invasion and foreign infringement a swinging pendulum of governments developed. Radical reforms were introduced, removed and then reintroduced with each election. Chaos erupted. The first, Left Republic of 1931 introduced a series of highly contentious laws; Catalonia was granted a degree of autonomy following secession campaigns, there was nationalisation of the land and most controversially, the Church was entirely separated from the state. Church bell ringing was banned, Catholic Schools closed and Church land redistributed. The traditional and conservative core of Spain were enraged, the Church became a martyr with which the landowners and Right united to form CEDA. Even the Left was aggravated by the reforms that they felt lacked depth and passion, as a result, the Socialists withdrew support and the Left suffered electoral defeat in 1933. The triumphant Rig ht Wing Republic then instigated what became known by the Left as the bienos negros, two years where all reforms were reversed, socialism and anarchism repressed. Declarations of Communism in the Asturias region in 1934 were brutally suppressed by General Francos forces, three-thousand were killed. The Left, fearing a Right wing dictatorship then formed the Popular Front. In 1936, there was a pendulum swing back to a Popular Front led government. Peasants began seizing land they felt was now theirs, the Falange and Church launched uprisings and revolts against the left. From February to July of 1936 there were three-hundred political killings. The revenge killing of Sotello was manipulated by the Right to justify a brutal and extreme coup, the start of Civil War. The result of such a turbulent and ever-changing political landscape was division, division within the already divided factions. The Left Bloc governments angered their support because of the diverse ideologies between grou ps, the Right too comprised of various groups with wildly differing objectives. Thus every government failed to appease each individual assemblage. Elwood suggests it was this lack of consensus over anything that caused disillusionment with democratic politics and brutal caciquismo political polarisation of which only violence could conquer. Infamously, Carr branded the Spanish Civil War a European civil war fought on Spanish territory. A proxy war for the amplified political tensions of Europe post-WWI, the first major battle between Fascism and Communism. Equally, the Chinese Civil War was caused by ideological conflicts between incompatible parties. The GMD a nationalist yet democratic party following the three principles of the people deeply contested the CPP philosophy, based in the signification of Marxism, Mao Zedong believed Chinas revolution should be peasant-led. These conflicting values produced a series of conflicts culminating in two civil wars that straddled WWII. Chiangs abhorrence of the CCP resulted in his White Terror Campaign in 1927 where the GMD turned savagely on the allied CCP, purging 5000 known communists and sympathisers in Shaghai alone. GMD troops pursued the CCP into Jiangxsi where, for seven years, and through five encirclements campaigns the remnants of the CCP fought against persistent Nat ionalist assaults. These intractable problems forced the CCP into a march of martyrdom know as the Long March, engraining an impassioned need for justice into their plight. In Spain, however divisions spread further and more intricately. In George Orwells Homage to Catalonia, he describes the internecine that blighted both the Left and Right as, hatred between those nominally on the same side, especially Stalinists and Trotskyists. Significantly on the Left, divisions between Anarchist, Socialist, Marxist and Trade Unionist factions led to disunity and disagreement. The entrenchment of these differences meant that no democratic process could focus the varying priorities. Moreover, the colossal polarisation and radicalisation of politics between Left and Right directly opposed the Republic, the basis for a vicious and unrelenting war. Whereas, in China the extremity of fascism was not present, and although equally as divided as Spain, internal division was minimal and insignificant. In China, there was a common aim; a strong independent nation and so, although the ideological differences provided basis for civil war, the tensions were not significant the mselves to cause war.

jesus, the business man :: essays research papers

Purpose/Vision: To restore salvation to a lost world. Background Information: "In the beginning, God created the heavens and the earth" (Genesis 1:1). The earth was His vision, His company. He invented everything in the earth and the placed a man and a woman in charge of the business. Their duties, at the time, included naming the animals and multiplying the population with their seed. Although God had a plan for the way he wanted His company run, the people He put in charge had their own agendas. They rebelled against the owner and tried to take over the business. Due to the insubordinate nature of His employees, He terminated their positions and hired other workers. From then on, under the supervision of different men, the fate of the company went down hill. Money and agricultural profits were at a loss, and the values that the employees once had, decreased with each successor. After seeing His business gradually decline from it's original standpoint, God took up a partnership with His Son, Jesus. He sent Jesus into the world to restore the company back to it's original purpose. Knowing the He needed a qualified staff under Him, Jesus employed twelve men to work with him. Chain of Command: Level 1-Owners: God, Jesus, (Holy Ghost-Silent Partner) Level 2-Supervisors: Peter, Paul, John Level 3-Employees: James, Andrew, Phillip, Bartholomew, Matthew, Thomas, Lebbaeus, Simon, Judas Employee Qualifications: 1. Must already be employed * Matthew- tax collector (2:14) * Simon- fisherman (1:16) * Andrew- fisherman (1:16) * James- fisherman (1:19) * John- fisherman (1:19) 2. Must be willing to leave everything and relocate * "And immediately He called them and they left their father, Zebedee in the boat with the hired servants and went after Him" (1:20). Services: Healing Ministries: * Sickness and Fevers: "Simon's wife's mother lay sick with a fever and they told Him about her at once. So He came and took her by the hand and lifted her up and immediately the fever left her" (1:31). * Leprosy: "As soon as He had spoken, immediately the leprosy left him, and he was cleansed" (1:42). * Withered Hands: "He said to the man, "Stretch out your hand." And he stretched it out and his hand was restored whole as the other" (3:5). * Demon Possession: "Then they came to Jesus, and saw the one who had been demon-possessed and had the legion, sitting and clothed and in his right mind" (5:15). * Issues of Blood: "And He said to her, "Daughter, your faith has made you well. Go in peace, and be healed of your affliction" (5:34). jesus, the business man :: essays research papers Purpose/Vision: To restore salvation to a lost world. Background Information: "In the beginning, God created the heavens and the earth" (Genesis 1:1). The earth was His vision, His company. He invented everything in the earth and the placed a man and a woman in charge of the business. Their duties, at the time, included naming the animals and multiplying the population with their seed. Although God had a plan for the way he wanted His company run, the people He put in charge had their own agendas. They rebelled against the owner and tried to take over the business. Due to the insubordinate nature of His employees, He terminated their positions and hired other workers. From then on, under the supervision of different men, the fate of the company went down hill. Money and agricultural profits were at a loss, and the values that the employees once had, decreased with each successor. After seeing His business gradually decline from it's original standpoint, God took up a partnership with His Son, Jesus. He sent Jesus into the world to restore the company back to it's original purpose. Knowing the He needed a qualified staff under Him, Jesus employed twelve men to work with him. Chain of Command: Level 1-Owners: God, Jesus, (Holy Ghost-Silent Partner) Level 2-Supervisors: Peter, Paul, John Level 3-Employees: James, Andrew, Phillip, Bartholomew, Matthew, Thomas, Lebbaeus, Simon, Judas Employee Qualifications: 1. Must already be employed * Matthew- tax collector (2:14) * Simon- fisherman (1:16) * Andrew- fisherman (1:16) * James- fisherman (1:19) * John- fisherman (1:19) 2. Must be willing to leave everything and relocate * "And immediately He called them and they left their father, Zebedee in the boat with the hired servants and went after Him" (1:20). Services: Healing Ministries: * Sickness and Fevers: "Simon's wife's mother lay sick with a fever and they told Him about her at once. So He came and took her by the hand and lifted her up and immediately the fever left her" (1:31). * Leprosy: "As soon as He had spoken, immediately the leprosy left him, and he was cleansed" (1:42). * Withered Hands: "He said to the man, "Stretch out your hand." And he stretched it out and his hand was restored whole as the other" (3:5). * Demon Possession: "Then they came to Jesus, and saw the one who had been demon-possessed and had the legion, sitting and clothed and in his right mind" (5:15). * Issues of Blood: "And He said to her, "Daughter, your faith has made you well. Go in peace, and be healed of your affliction" (5:34).

Is Technology Really Making Life Easier?

Is Technology Really Making Life Easier MRT Abstract In this research paper I have posed the question; is technology really making life easier? I took the stance that advancement in technology has led to major sociological issues that are currently being felt and will be felt for generations to come. I highlighted the creation of such devices and services such as cell phones, computers, the internet, and social media. My research has only shown more support to what I had believed prior to starting this process.My conclusion based off the information to follow is that technology may have made our lives more convenient, however it has not made our lives easier or less stressful. Do you think modern technology has made life easier and safer? Or do you think that modern technology has made life more difficult and more dangerous? Today, we can’t imagine ourselves without technical advances such as cars, microwaves, cell phones, computers, and televisions. However, technology wonâ⠂¬â„¢t stop there, but it will grow bigger and bigger. As technology grows, there are not only advantages, but disadvantages from them.A list of the benefits of technology would be very long indeed. However, as with almost everything we human beings have created, technology has a downside. There is, we might say, a dark side to technology. For openers, technology does not necessarily make life simpler; rather, it tends to make life more complicated. Nowadays, for example, nearly every discussion of the â€Å"wonderful power of technology to enrich our lives† mentions the cell phone. Certainly, the instant communication brought about by the telephone has been a major advancement.It was originally a rather simple device that anyone could learn to use in a matter of minutes, and we soon began using phones to make and receive phone calls, usually about matters of some importance. Recently, however, we have created these devices to perform a ridiculous number of irrelevant tasks. One needs a thirty-page booklet to learn how to use them. Anyone who enters a phone store today seeking a phone that simply sends and receives phone calls is likely to be looked upon as a refugee from the Dark Ages.Cellphones have become the number one thing in most people’s lives. It is the quickest way to keep contact with the outside world. It has made life easier for humans and it has become one of the things that we cannot live without. Cellphones can help us solve a lot of problems, but can also cause a lot of stress related problems because people are too dependent on technology nowadays. It has weakened our social ability, without it, people find it hard to express themselves. Cellphones have dominated our lives with the advanced technology and applications they offer.Friends from miles away are only a text message away from you, and it can avoid awkward and silent moments because you do not have to talk to someone face to face anymore. Although it can help us in many different aspects, we are starting to rely on it and abuse it. A lot of teenagers cannot be separated from their cell phones for too long, they are always on their phones and they find it hard to not look at their phone before long. Most of their phones allow them to watch movies, read books, listen to music and talk to people, which make them a lot less interactive and productive in real life.They provide us different sorts of interesting entertainment and useful information, which is easily accessible to people. People who live in the city are always rushed and in a hurry, to them, time is money and one of their most valuable assets, and cellphones are exactly what they need and cannot live without in their daily lives. People who are often on their phones believe that texting and interacting with people on their phone makes up for not seeing them face to face in real person. As they are always depending on their phones, they become lazier.They do not have urge to go out and meet new people and become more socially awkward as they do not know how to talk to people face to face anymore in their daily lives. A recent study from the University of Maryland’s Robert H. Smith School of Business finds that even though cellphones are generally thought to connect people together, they are making the users less social minded. The school’s marketing professor Rosellina Ferraro said: â€Å"We would expect a similar pattern of effects with people from other age groups.Given the increasing pervasiveness of cell phones, it does have the potential to have broad social implications. † There is a problem with texting. Did you know that one of the main causes of car crashes are that people are texting while they are driving? That is a huge problem. Several studies show cell phones are a leading cause of car crashes. It is estimated that cell phone distracted drivers are four times more likely to be in a car wreck. Cell phones cause over 200 deaths and hal f a million injuries each year. When you are texting while driving, you are more focused on your phone than on the road.As a result your speed can change very quickly. You could be at a speed of 20, then 40, then 50, then 60, or 70 miles per hour and sometimes even faster. This cycle will not end if a person is surrounded by a group of people who are always depending on their cellphones even when all of them are spending time together. To people who do not usually use their cellphones this can be disrespectful and impolite as it seems like they are not enjoying the time spent with each other. There are no doubts that cellphones are very important to us, as they can help us in numerous aspects.It is the best thing to have when you are bored, and to communicate with people from far away even when you are busy. People can contact you any time of the day and it is very convenient and user friendly. They are made for people in the world to easily connect with each other, instead of makin g long distance phone calls, sending emails and writing letters like the old days; which require more effort and are more time consuming. It is important to have a cell phone with you because it can make communication easier, provide many applications in it and most importantly safety to their users.Another example of the complexity of modern technology is the computer. Again, nobody can deny that computers have enabled us to share information, process data, and perform numerous other tasks with speed and ease that, as recently as a generation ago, we would have thought impossible. Computer technology has been advancing so rapidly that new applications are discovered faster than anyone can keep pace – and that's a problem. Even the computer experts understand only a fraction of what these machines do (just ask an expert for help when a computer crashes).Although most users can and do master some of the basic operations, most computer owners cannot use many of the functions th at are built into computer programs. Much has been written about how the younger generations who have been brought up in the computer age know intuitively how to use these machines. However, evidence suggests that they learn only what amuses or entertains them. I for one grew up in the computer age, however I can say that if you do not keep up with technology is will pass you and leave you in its’ dust. Most haven't the patience or the desire to go through the complicated process of learning more functional programs.Furthermore, they tend to use computers rather than their own brains for many tasks that they should be able to perform without mechanical assistance. It is possible to argue that the invention of the calculator is largely responsible for the inability of many people to do simple math; it is likewise possible to prove that electronic spell-checking (which is, and may always be, imperfect) has created at least one generation of individuals who cannot spell and know nothing about the logic of language. Complexity is not the only downside of computers.They have created an even greater gap between the rich and the poor, the educated and uneducated. To use these devices, one needs both experience and education. Lacking computers at home (even if they can access them at school), poorer people do not have the opportunity to gain much experience with them. Even as the computer becomes a commodity (something to which virtually everyone has access), the pace of technology is so rapid that these individuals are light years behind the more fortunate people. Furthermore, since computer skills must be learned, less educated individuals have a vast disadvantage.Educated individuals can use computers to expand their knowledge; uneducated or less educated people are stuck where they are. The gap widens. Finally, with respect to computers, many of the advantages have spawned a nightmarish array of problems. I recently interviewed several Lewiston Police Offic ers and asked them what they felt was the most significant change they have witnessed in their field. Technology was their first answer. One officer explained how when he started on the force some fifteen plus years ago he was given a car and a radio.When he would need information he would have to contact his dispatcher, which would then relay what little, and often outdated, information they had over the radio to him. He explained that now every officer has a laptop computer right in their car tied into some of the most sophisticated databases in the world. The software allows him to run license plates in a matter of seconds which will tell him who owns the vehicle, if it is registered, if the owner has any warrants or such. He said that while yes this technology is amazing and in today’s world he probably could not do without, he longs for the simpler times.He stated that there is a disconnect with society due to the technology. Officers will travel around in their vehicles like robots verses interacting with people on the streets as they did in the past. He feels that this societal disconnect has led to a lack of respect that police officers once had. While technology has now given us the ability to shop from home, it has opened a whole new area in which con artists can conduct scams, a complex area that authorities admit is impossible to police. While it has enabled us to bank by internet, it has brought on a wave of identity theft such as we have never before seen.This negative consequence of technology has affected hundreds of thousands of people which have their identities stolen each year. Identity theft is when these criminals get and use consumer’s personal information such as credit card numbers, bank account numbers, insurance information, and social security numbers to buy goods or services wrongly. Identity theft is one of the fastest growing crimes out there. When the identity thief uses a credit card, bank account, Social Security number or cell phone in your name and doesn’t pay the bill, it is all reported on your credit account.People don’t know that their identity has been stolen until damage has been done which can cause a problem. While it enables banks and other organizations to process data with lightning speed, electronic processing creates greater opportunity for error. One incorrect keystroke can set in motion an automated series of mistakes that are not easily detected or corrected. Beyond a shadow of a doubt, the invention of the Internet is one of man’s greatest and most spectacular endeavors. For, it has truly revolutionized the world in regards to how we engage in business, recreate, socialize, educate ourselves and communicate with each other.The Internet eliminated all impediments of conventional methods of operations. Through its construction, the world economies have flourished. Therefore, it can be said in a nut shell, that the Internet has made life on earth easy to say the least; but to what expense? The amount of people that have used the internet has grown 572% from 2000 to 2010. What would the world be without internet? It has only been 20 years since its creation but yet it has affected society immensely. Internet has had both a positive and a negative influence on society.Due to the significance of both influences, internet cannot be seen entirely as good or bad, people can only have strong opinions on the matter. Before explaining all of the benefits to society the internet has had, let me start with showing that there is a good argument that the internet has had a negative impact on society. Skeptics argue that the internet is not beneficial to society because it limits face-to-face interactions, society’s most important type of interaction. The limiting factors include, but are not limited to, email based sites, like Yahoo. om, Gmail. com, and Hotmail. com, and social networking sites, like Facebook, Myspace, and Twitter. They limit face-to-face interactions because it is more convenient then meeting up with everyone that a person would like to talk with. According to the National School Boards Association (NSBA), who published a report on research and guidelines on online social, educational, and networking, the average teen will spend more than 9 hours a week on just a social internet site (Creating & Connecting).It is not terribly surprising that skeptics will say that spending close to two hours a day in a desk chair, on a computer, searching the web, downloading music, chatting with friends or playing internet games is a complete waste of time. They believe it should be used for studying, playing sports, being outdoors, the list goes on and on. Sadly, skeptics are completely right when they say these things are not productive, in fact, the way which most people use the internet is not productive. The NSBA’s report shows statistical figures that support the skeptic’s thoughts.Teens repor ted that they are on social sites, like Facebook, about 41% of the time that they are on the internet and downloading or listening to music 30% of the time they are on the internet (Creating & Connecting). Clearly not the best use of time and it only leaves 29% for the rest of the endless list of the possible things to do on the internet. They could be using the time they are on internet for more productive means. Nevertheless, it seems too hard for people to use it for something productive, or beneficial to society, like reading the daily news.However, some of the available internet sites to read and learn from leads to the next negative aspect of the internet, unreliable and falsified information. The internet has very few regulations and almost no one policing it. With the addition of anyone having the ability and access to make a website, it presents a problem. The problem, it allows them to publish whatever they would like, not matter if it is true or not. This causes unreliabi lity, especially for students such as myself researching information and it can be very difficult to find out if the source is credible or not.For instance, according Lucy Rector, a professor at Harford Community College who published a comparison of Wikipedia and other encyclopedias for accuracy, breadth, and depth in historical articles, Wikipedia is only 80% accurate (Rector, Comparison of Wikipedia). This means that one out of every five times a person visits Wikipedia they could being reading something that is not credible, this presents an outstanding credibility problem. This has had an effect on society, as now people must always determine whether or not the information they are presented with is credible.The creation of the internet has opened a new market in society for scammers. The National Consumers League produced a study in 2001 that showed internet fraud had generated 7 million in profit, nearly doubling from the year before (2001 Internet Fraud Statistics). These da ys it is hard to escape scams because they seem to be lurking around every corner. Online shopping fraud is no joke and has steadily increasing by millions over the years. In Europe, the amount of money lost per year due to online shopping fraud is 21. million, according to an article about how â€Å"Online Fraud Rises by 185%† written in the Sunday Times (O’Connor, Online Fraud Rises by 185 per Cent). The article goes on to say that today’s scammers are becoming increasingly sophisticated and convincing. Oddly enough, one of the main reasons for this is because it used to be that sites with the goal of fraud used to be terribly published. Often having spelling and grammatical errors that were easy to spot and then avoid. Skeptics say would argue that because of the internet, people have been seduced into scams costing people millions.The internet is full of graphic content and no one checking ID’s. Due to the internet, pornography has become more common and has had a negative effect on society. According to an article on â€Å"the Effects of Internet Pornography†, internet porn is viewed by 66% of men from 18 to 34 at least once a month (Wang, The Effects of Internet Pornography). In the article Richard Berry, president of the American Academy of Matrimonial Lawyers states that, â€Å"Pornography had an almost nonexistent role in divorce just seven or eight years ago†; its significant role now is â€Å"clearly due to the Internet† (Wang, The Effects of Internet Pornography).In the same branch of the internet but a more disturbing reason the internet has had a negative impact on society is child pornography. The internet has led to a global outburst in child pornography, conventionally thought to be too morally wrong and unthinkable of a behavior it can leave victims with emotional and physical damage for the rest of their lives. Society could do without their children being emotionally damaged for the rest of t heir lives. Although skeptics will say that the internet has affected society negatively, their argument is minute compared to the agreement that internet has had positive effects on society.Skeptics can argue that the time spent on the internet could be used for something else more productive, that the internet has created a numerous amount of unreliable and incorrect information that is published, and that it has helped scammers steal money and much more from society but it is nothing compared to what the internet has contributed to society. Internet has given society a new form of communication, a new way to acquire information, and a new and improved way to shop. From the birth of the internet came the birth of social network sites, such as Facebook and Myspace.Now a day, a person can communicate with anyone across the globe with the touch of a button. Although the time a person spends on social networks like Facebook, Myspace, Skype, Yahoo Mail, and Match. com can be completely useless, the sites, themselves are often beneficial to society. Facebook and Skype is a great and easy way to stay in touch with friends and family. Yahoo Mail and every other email account website cut down on paper pollution and put up a good fight against the inconvenience of the mailing system. Even Match. om has its benefits to society, now people do not even have to leave their seats to meet new people or ask them out, this is apparent in Facebook and Myspace as well. The point still being that, the internet has given us a new form of communication that is overall much more efficient, but possible less effective, than the ways people used to communicate with each other before the internet. Rick Nauert would agree with this. Rick Naurt has a PHD and is the senior news editor for the University of Southern California, in 2006 he said â€Å"More than a decade after the portals of the Worldwide Web opened to he public, we are now witnessing the true emergence of the Internet as t he powerful personal and social phenomenon we knew it would become (Nauert, The Internet as Agent of Social Change). † When asked if the internet increased regular contact with others, he answered, â€Å"42. 8 percent of Internet users agree that going online has increased the number of people they regularly stay in contact with (Nauert, The Internet as Agent of Social Change)†. Clearly, the creation of the internet and social networks has helped our society stay in touch and meet new people.The internet has led to a massive increase of easily accessible information and a lot of it very credible. The internet is enormously vast, with information on virtually every topic. A person can pretty much type anything into Google, even a question, and get what they are looking for. When talking about how the availability of information has changed society for the better, think of how hard it was to acquire information for papers for students before the internet. It was accomplis hed by moderate amount of time spent in a library. However, this led to teaching students good work ethic and did not allow time for procrastination.Not only can a person just learn anything over the internet, according to Karen Farkas, who wrote an article about â€Å"Online education growing as colleges offer more classes to meet student demand†, found that 29% of students have taken one or more online classes (Farkas, Online Education Growing). Although it is not surprising that in today’s day and age it is possible to get a college degree by taking exclusively online classes. Connection to the internet is not the only negative aspect of technology that computers provide. Consider automated answering systems and the disconnect of speaking to a human being.The only individuals who see any benefit in these systems are executives who, with their eyes on the bottom-line, look upon them as a cheap way to reduce or eliminate customer service personnel. These systems creat e the illusion of offering customer service when, in fact, they have practically eliminated customer service altogether and shipped what is left overseas. Automated answering systems constitute an area of technology that symbolizes what happens when tasks that only a human being can perform effectively are left to machines. Customers universally hate these systems because they provide little or no ervice, waste time, and often put the customer into an electronic loop that leads nowhere. The worst of these systems are those that provide voice messages in which a machine pretends to be a real human being. Verizon Wireless is a great example of this nightmare of a system. The creators of the Verizon System actually programmed the computer to recognize profanity, which usually is caused by frustration, and automatically connect you to a â€Å"real† human. While we may find definite advantages to almost any technological advancement, it is very difficult to find anything good to s ay about automated phone systems.In contrast, few of us question the value of technological advances in transportation – notably motor vehicles and airplanes. Because of these developments, we can travel further and faster than anyone a century ago would have imagined possible. However, even here technology has its downside. We live in a more dangerous world, not only because cars, trucks, and airplanes can kill but also because the ease and speed with which we can get from one place to another has made national borders more porous.The same technology that can deliver us to Grandma's house halfway across the world can also deliver an explosive device that can obliterate Grandma and a few thousand of her neighbors. The recent discussions with North Korea are just an example. In addition, we have been seriously depleting the Earth's natural resources to run these machines and have appreciably hastened global warming because of the gasses that they emit. On a simpler level, too, we may perhaps question whether it is necessarily desirable to go further and faster. Is it always better? Do we enjoy the trip more, or has the process of getting there become a hassle?For what are we saving all this precious time? Is it to have more time to watch commercials on TV, many of them promoting technology that we don't need? Entertainment is probably the one area in which technology has had positive effects with very little negative impact. If the content of television is mediocre, we can't really blame that on technology. If the music that people listen to on their various gadgets is trash, we can't blame the gadgets. If we are spending more time being entertained because we have, thanks to technology, a wide variety of entertainments to choose from, that is not necessarily a bad thing.We can complain about the intrusion of too much marketing in the entertainment media, but that is not the fault of technology. Indeed, with television, there's a quiet little war going o n between the technology that subtly tries to sell us products and the technology that enables us to bleep out the advertisements. To be objective about it, the so-called downside of technology – real as it is – represents more what's wrong with us than what's wrong with our creations. We are making them complicated, often more than they need to be, because we arrogantly believe that man will always be the master of the machine.We turn the cell phone into a public nuisance and a safety hazard instead of a useful tool because we are too foolish to use it wisely. We cause sporadic outbreaks of massive â€Å"computer errors† because we are stupid and careless; what we call computer errors are, in fact, idiotic blunders made by human beings. We are the self-destructive species who turn machines for transportation into weapons of mass destruction. The real issue regarding technology is not whether it is good or bad but whether we are grown-up and mature enough to use wisely what we have created.The evidence suggests that, on the whole, we are not and technology may just be our demise. Works Cited â€Å"2001 Internet Fraud Statistics. † Welcome to Fraud. org, Online Home of NCL's Fraud Center. National Consumers League, 2002. Web. 23 May 2011. . â€Å"Creating & Connecting// Research and Guidlines on Online Social and Educational Networking. † Creating & Connecting// Research and Guidlines on Online Social and Educational Networking. National School Boards Association, July 2007. Web. 22 May 2011. . Farkas, Karen. â€Å"Online Education Growing as Colleges Offer More Classes to Meet Student Demand. Online Education Growing as Colleges Offer More Classes to Meet Student Demand. Cleveland. com, 07 May 2011. Web. 22 May 2011. . Heltz, Braxton. â€Å"National Business Association – How The Internet Has Changed The World†¦ † NBA – Membership Association Serving the Self-Employed and Small Business Community. N ational Business Association, 2007. Web. 23 May 2011. . Kraut, Robert, Vicki Lundmark, Sara Kiesler, and William Scherlis. â€Å"Why People Use the Internet. † The HomeNet Project. Carnegie Mellon University. Web. 23 May 2011. . Nauert, Rick. â€Å"The Internet as Agent of Social Change | Psych Central News. Psych Central – Trusted Mental Health, Depression, Bipolar, ADHD and Psychology Information. Ed. John M. Grohol. Psych Central, 29 Nov. 2006. Web. 23 May 2011. . O'Connor, Rebecca. â€Å"Online Fraud Rises by 185 per Cent – Times Online. † The Times | UK News, World News and Opinion. The Sunday Times, 1 Oct. 2008. Web. 23 May 2011. . Rector, Lucy H. â€Å"Reference Services Review | Comparison of Wikipedia and Other Encyclopedias for Accuracy, Breadth, and Depth in Historical Articles. † Emerald. Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2008. Web. 23 May 2011. . Wang, Laurie. â€Å"The Effects of Internet Pornography  « Power to Change. Power to C hange. Power to Change Ministries. Web. 23 May 2011. . Williams, Chris. â€Å"Online News and Advantages. † IdeaMarketers – Free Content Directory. IdeaMarketers. com. Web. 23 May 2011. . ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY â€Å"2001 Internet Fraud Statistics. † Welcome to Fraud. org, Online Home of NCL's Fraud Center. National Consumers League, 2002. Web. 23 May 2011. . â€Å"Creating & Connecting// Research and Guidlines on Online Social and Educational Networking. † Creating & Connecting// Research and Guidlines on Online Social and Educational Networking. National School Boards Association, July 2007.Web. 22 May 2011. . Farkas, Karen. â€Å"Online Education Growing as Colleges Offer More Classes to Meet Student Demand. † Online Education Growing as Colleges Offer More Classes to Meet Student Demand. Cleveland. com, 07 May 2011. Web. 22 May 2011. . Heltz, Braxton. â€Å"National Business Association – How The Internet Has Changed The World†¦ â €  NBA – Membership Association Serving the Self-Employed and Small Business Community. National Business Association, 2007. Web. 23 May 2011. . Kraut, Robert, Vicki Lundmark, Sara Kiesler, and William Scherlis. â€Å"Why People Use the Internet. † The HomeNet Project.Carnegie Mellon University. Web. 23 May 2011. . Nauert, Rick. â€Å"The Internet as Agent of Social Change | Psych Central News. † Psych Central – Trusted Mental Health, Depression, Bipolar, ADHD and Psychology Information. Ed. John M. Grohol. Psych Central, 29 Nov. 2006. Web. 23 May 2011. . O'Connor, Rebecca. â€Å"Online Fraud Rises by 185 per Cent – Times Online. † The Times | UK News, World News and Opinion. The Sunday Times, 1 Oct. 2008. Web. 23 May 2011. . Rector, Lucy H. â€Å"Reference Services Review | Comparison of Wikipedia and Other Encyclopedias for Accuracy, Breadth, and Depth in Historical Articles. † Emerald.Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2008. Web. 23 May 2011. . Wang, Laurie. â€Å"The Effects of Internet Pornography  « Power to Change. † Power to Change. Power to Change Ministries. Web. 23 May 2011. . Williams, Chris. â€Å"Online News and Advantages. † IdeaMarketers – Free Content Directory. IdeaMarketers. com. Web. 23 May 2011. . Murphy, Tony. Achieving Business Value from Technology. New York: Wiley, 2010. Schmidt, John G. Lean Integration: An Integration Factory Approach to Business Agility. Boston: Addison-Wesley Professional, 2010. Nicholas, John M. Project Management for Business, Engineering, and Technology.Chicago: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2008. http://blogs. wsj. com/digits/2011/08/24/steve-jobss-best-quotes/ http://www. medicalnewstoday. com/articles/241907. php Arminen, I, 2007, ‘Review Essay, Mobile Communication Society? ’, Mobile Communication Society? , v. 53, no. 1 University of Tampere viewed 19 March 2010 http://asj. sagepub. com Cogmed, 1999 Karolinska Institute, viewed 6 April 2010, http://www. cogmed. com/ Cupples, J & Thompson, L, 2010, ‘Heterotextuality and Digital Foreplay', Feminist Media Studies, v. 10, no. 1, pp. 1-17, Ebscohost viewed 19 March 2010 http://www. informaworld. om/smpp/content~db=all~content=a919196107 Geser, H, 2004, ‘Towards a Sociological Theory of the Mobile Phone’, ‘Sociology in Switzerland: Sociology of the Mobile Phone’, Google Scholar viewed 16 March 2010 http://socio. ch/mobile/t_geser1. pdf Horstmanshof, L, & Power, MR, 2005, ‘Mobile phones, SMS, and relationships’, Humanities & Social Sciences papers, v. 32, no. 1, pp. 33-52, Bond University viewed 16 March 2010 http://epublications. bond. edu. au/hss_pubs/75/ Snooks and Co 2002, Style manual for authors, editors and printers, 6th edn, John Wiley & Sons, Milton, Qld. Published 2010

Free Essays on Hackers

. This is where the hacker takes guesses at the password or has a crack program to crack the password protecting the system. 2) Finding back doors is another way in which the hacker may get access to the system. This is where the hacker tries to find flaws in the system they are trying to enter. 3) One other way in which a hacker may try to get into a system is by using a program called a WORM. This program is specially programmed to suit the need of the user. This programme continually tries to connect to a machine at over 100 times a second until eventually the system lets in and the worm executes its program. The program could be anything from getting password files to deleting files depending on what it has been programmed to do. Protection The only way that you or a company can stop a Hacker is by not having your computer connected to the net. This is the only sure fire way in which you can stop a hacker entering your system. This is mainly because hackers use a phone line to access the system. If it is possible for one person to access the system then it is possible for a hacker to gain access to the system. One of the main problems is that major companies need to be networked and accessible over the net so that employees can do overdue work or so that people can look up things on that c... Free Essays on Hackers Free Essays on Hackers A large group of people often called â€Å"hackers† have been characterized as unethical, irresponsible, and a serious danger to society for actions related to breaking into computer systems. This essay brings to construction a picture of what is a computer crime as well as a portray of hackers, their concerns and the way in which hacking takes place. What I intend to argue is that, in their majority, hackers are learners and explorers who want to help rather than cause damage. What is hacker? The term "hacker" of course has various meanings. Sometimes it implies a computer programmer who spends a lot of hours working on a personal computer, working on different types of coding, and creating technological â€Å"fixes† and â€Å"patches† for existing software. This kind of activity is not illegal and is encourage by the employers. In a different sense, the term hacking is used to signify criminal activity, the effort of the person to perpetrate through a personal computer for the purpose of unlawful activities. In other words, hackers are anyone who brakes into a computer without authorization. This type of hacking shows the necessity for new security systems and legislation to protect people and enterprises from these activities. Hacking really came into existence after 1980s as a result of telecommunication growth as well as high computer literacy. Hacking include a broad-range of computer-helped activities. Some of them are legal other unlawful and a lot are unethical. Some experts are saying: hacking is a phenomenon. One thing people get confused about is that hacking is totally different from fraud. Fraud is a human activity which one person tries to take advantage of others. Finally we can say that all hackers cannot be characterized as nasty or a nuisance. We should all bear in mind that it is very risky to connect a computer system to a network, especially the Internet, when there are not protected by all ... Free Essays on Hackers The meaning of Hacker is one who accesses a computer which is supposably not able to be accessed to non authorised people of the community. Hackers may use any type of system to access this information depending on what they intend on doing in the system. Methods Hackers may use a variety of ways to hack into a system. First if the hacker is experienced and smart the hacker will use telnet to access a shell on another machine so that the risk of getting caught is lower than doing it using their own system. Ways in which the hacker will break into the system are: 1) Guess/cracking passwords. This is where the hacker takes guesses at the password or has a crack program to crack the password protecting the system. 2) Finding back doors is another way in which the hacker may get access to the system. This is where the hacker tries to find flaws in the system they are trying to enter. 3) One other way in which a hacker may try to get into a system is by using a program called a WORM. This program is specially programmed to suit the need of the user. This programme continually tries to connect to a machine at over 100 times a second until eventually the system lets in and the worm executes its program. The program could be anything from getting password files to deleting files depending on what it has been programmed to do. Protection The only way that you or a company can stop a Hacker is by not having your computer connected to the net. This is the only sure fire way in which you can stop a hacker entering your system. This is mainly because hackers use a phone line to access the system. If it is possible for one person to access the system then it is possible for a hacker to gain access to the system. One of the main problems is that major companies need to be networked and accessible over the net so that employees can do overdue work or so that people can look up things on that c...

Free Essays on Methodism And Female Clergy

John Wesley(1709-1791) was one of the most influential men of the last three hundred years. The movement he started is alive and well today, and takes many shapes. Wesley’s contributions to the Christian faith have benefited both men and women alike. However, with particular regard to women in ministry Wesley has helped pave the way for equality. For women in the church the ultimate sign of equality is ordination. Only when a woman has equal athority and opertunity can she be considered equal to men. While Wesley himself never endorsed ordination, and only officially sanctioned female preaching in 1787, he did hold women in high regard. (Chilote) They were integrally involved in early Methodism, and in many ways made the movement possible. John Wesley’s work influenced many people and spurred many other movements. One such movement was the holiness movement founded by B.T. Roberts (1823–1893) a predecessor of Wesley. Roberts would come to disagree with Wesley on this issue, and would advocate for women’s ordination. However, like John himself, after his death the movement would be out of his control. John Wesley received much of his early spiritual and academic training from his mother Susanna Wesley (1670-1742). Susanna was a strong, intelligent, deeply spiritual, and mature woman. While John was growing up he personly witnessed the heart and character of his mother. For example, while her husband was absent in London in 1711, Susanna Wesley adopted the practice of reading and instructing her family in spiritual matters. One of the family servants told his parents and they too wished to come. These told others, and they came, till the congregation totaled forty, and increased till they were over two hundred. She read to them the best sermons she could find in the library, and talked to the people freely and affectionately. (Wakeley) It was from early experiences such as these that John Wesley saw the value in allowing wo... Free Essays on Methodism And Female Clergy Free Essays on Methodism And Female Clergy John Wesley(1709-1791) was one of the most influential men of the last three hundred years. The movement he started is alive and well today, and takes many shapes. Wesley’s contributions to the Christian faith have benefited both men and women alike. However, with particular regard to women in ministry Wesley has helped pave the way for equality. For women in the church the ultimate sign of equality is ordination. Only when a woman has equal athority and opertunity can she be considered equal to men. While Wesley himself never endorsed ordination, and only officially sanctioned female preaching in 1787, he did hold women in high regard. (Chilote) They were integrally involved in early Methodism, and in many ways made the movement possible. John Wesley’s work influenced many people and spurred many other movements. One such movement was the holiness movement founded by B.T. Roberts (1823–1893) a predecessor of Wesley. Roberts would come to disagree with Wesley on this issue, and would advocate for women’s ordination. However, like John himself, after his death the movement would be out of his control. John Wesley received much of his early spiritual and academic training from his mother Susanna Wesley (1670-1742). Susanna was a strong, intelligent, deeply spiritual, and mature woman. While John was growing up he personly witnessed the heart and character of his mother. For example, while her husband was absent in London in 1711, Susanna Wesley adopted the practice of reading and instructing her family in spiritual matters. One of the family servants told his parents and they too wished to come. These told others, and they came, till the congregation totaled forty, and increased till they were over two hundred. She read to them the best sermons she could find in the library, and talked to the people freely and affectionately. (Wakeley) It was from early experiences such as these that John Wesley saw the value in allowing wo...

Nutrition Discussion unit 1 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Nutrition Discussion unit 1 - Assignment Example One of the concepts that I have note been able to understand or which has put me in turmoil is the source of nutrients. Some professionals discuss the standards without providing distinguishing factors. For instance, the source of iron from fruits is better than from the meat. If the professionals are able to discuss the sources along with different sources and the factors that may take a different stance on the health then it will allow the general public to get a wholesome idea of the nutrient intake standards (Chaudhari, 2009). Secondly, the references that are furnished in the guides explaining the standards of nutrient intake seem to be illogical as they are not able to define the individual standards. This means that the standard may vary for person to person depending upon to the access to food selection and appointment in terms of lifestyle. Sources of nutrients can be attained by a person who has more time then those who remain busy. Chaudhari, R. (2009, August 13). Formulating Nutritional Shots. Retrieved from Food Product:

Criminal Behavior - A discussion of theories Term Paper

Criminal Behavior - A discussion of theories - Term Paper Example Accordingly, Mr. Gacy was dubbed the â€Å"Clown Killer† by the American media and his unsavory celebrity grew as his trial for multiple murders gripped the nation. Seeking to understand the particularly heinous crimes of Mr. John Wayne Gacy, this brief research paper will discuss the life and times of this violent murderer, the crimes he was charged with and the various impacts of his crime on our society. Following this complete overview of the crimes of John Wayne Gacy, this paper will discuss how two different criminological theorists would have viewed the crime as well as the causes of the crime. In sum, we will conclude with a discussion of where the perpetrator is now and the controversies surrounding his punishment (Bell and Bardsley 2009). John Wayne Gacy was born during the height of the Second World War during the relative tranquility of suburban Chicago and was the second of three children. It was reported that his father was both physically and mentally abusive as the young Gacy grew up in a strict Polish-Danish household. Teased about being overweight and supposedly demonstrating feminine characteristics as a young boy, John Wayne Gacy faced a series of challenges growing up. His scholastic record was shoddy and although he became a somewhat successful businessman, his previous academic record gave no indication that Mr. Gacy would achieve much financial success in life. As a young man who had dropped out of school and ventured to Las Vegas to win a livelihood, John Wayne Gacy married the first woman who paid him any attention, the unsuspecting Marlynn Myers. A daughter of wealthy parents and franchise owners of multiple KFC outlets in Chicago and the mid-west, the Myers entrusted John Wayne Gacy with the managem ent of their fast-food outlets following his marriage to their daughter in 1964. Moving to Waterloo, Iowa to manage one of the family KFC restaurants, Gacy and his wife